Introduction to Swift Quick Guide

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Introduction to Swift

Swift 5.7 | iOS 16

With this guide, you will learn how to program in Swift 5.7 and how to implement Swift concurrency. After reading this guide, you will know how to program in Swift, how to define functions and objects, and how to write code using the Swift paradigm.

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Description

Quick Guides for Masterminds are excerpts from our best-selling books SwiftUI for Masterminds, UIKit for Masterminds, and HTML5 for Masterminds, providing a cost-effective alternative to getting the information you need.

With this guide, you will learn how to program in Swift 5.7 and how to implement Swift concurrency. After reading this guide, you will know how to program in Swift, how to define functions and objects, and how to write code using the Swift paradigm.

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION TO SWIFT

Computer Programming

Playground

Variables

Memory

Primitive Data Types

Declaration and Initialization

Arithmetic Operators

Constants

Swift Data Types

Characters

Strings

Booleans

Optionals

Tuples

Conditionals and Loops

If and Else

Switch

While and Repeat While

For In

Control Transfer Statements

Guard

SWIFT PARADIGM

Programming Paradigms

Functions

Declaration of Functions

Generic Functions

Standard Functions

Scopes

Closures

Structures

Definition of Structures

Key Paths

Methods

Initialization

Computed Properties

Property Observers

Type Properties and Methods

Generic Structures

Primitive Type Structures

Range Structures

String Structures

Array Structures

Set Structures

Dictionary Structures

Enumerations

Raw Values

Associated Values

Objects

Definition of Objects

Type Properties and Methods

Reference Types

Self

Memory Management

Inheritance

Type Casting

Initialization

Deinitialization

Access Control and Modifiers

Singletons

Protocols

Definition of Protocols

Generic Protocols

Swift Protocols

Extensions

Delegates

Errors

Throwing Errors

Handling Errors

Results

CONCURRENCY

Asynchronous and Concurrent Tasks

Tasks

Async and Await

Errors

Concurrency

Actors

Main Actor

Asynchronous Sequences

Task Group

Asynchronous Images

Examples

Download TXT Files - Download Projects

Listing 1: Playground template

Listing 2: Declaring variables

Listing 3: Initializing variables

Listing 4: Declaring and initializing variables in the same statement

Listing 5: Assigning a new value to a variable

Listing 6: Declaring variables of different data types

Listing 7: Declaring variables without specifying the data type

Listing 8: Assigning variables to variables

Listing 9: Assigning the result of an operation to a variable

Listing 10: Performing operations in variables of different type

Listing 11: Inferring the data type from an operation

Listing 12: Calculating the remainder

Listing 13: Adding numbers to variables

Listing 14: Performing operations on the variable's current value

Listing 15: Modifying the value of a variable using incremental operators

Listing 16: Declaring and initializing a constant

Listing 17: Declaring and initializing a Character variable

Listing 18: Declaring and initializing a String variable

Listing 19: Concatenating strings

Listing 20: Concatenating strings with the + and += operators

Listing 21: Including variables in strings

Listing 22: Performing operations inside strings

Listing 23: Including special characters in a string

Listing 24: Generating multiple lines of text

Listing 25: Declaring a Boolean variable

Listing 26: Declaring an optional variable of type Int

Listing 27: Assigning new values to optional variables

Listing 28: Using nil to empty an optional variable

Listing 29: Unwrapping an optional variable

Listing 30: Assigning an optional to another optional

Listing 31: Declaring Implicitly Unwrapped Optionals

Listing 32: Declaring a tuple with two values

Listing 33: Declaring a tuple with values of different type

Listing 34: Reading the values of a tuple

Listing 35: Modifying the value of a tuple

Listing 36: Declaring names for the values of a tuple

Listing 37: Creating multiple variables from the values of a tuple

Listing 38: Ignoring some of the values of a tuple

Listing 39: Comparing two values with if

Listing 41: Conditions with Boolean values

Listing 42: Using logical operators

Listing 43: Using logical operators to check multiple conditions

Listing 44: Checking whether an optional contains a value or not

Listing 45: Using Optional Binding to unwrap an optional variable

Listing 46: Using the same name to unwrap a value

Listing 47: Unwrapping an optional value of the same name

Listing 48: Checking multiple conditions with Optional Binding

Listing 49: Using if else to respond to both states of the condition

Listing 50: Concatenating if else instructions

Listing 51: Implementing a ternary operator

Listing 52: Unwrapping an optional with a ternary operator

Listing 53: Unwrapping an optional with the nil-coalescing operator

Listing 54: Checking conditions with switch

Listing 55: Checking multiple conditions per case

Listing 56: Matching a tuple in a switch statement

Listing 57: Matching only the second value of a tuple

Listing 58: Capturing values with constants

Listing 59: Comparing values with where

Listing 60: Using while to create a loop

Listing 61: Using repeat while to create a loop

Listing 62: Using for in to iterate over the characters of a string

Listing 63: Iterating over a string without reading the characters

Listing 64: Adding a condition to a loop

Listing 65: Jumping to the next cycle of the loop

Listing 66: Interrupting the loop

Listing 67: Ignoring values in a switch statement

Listing 68: Interrupting a loop with guard

Listing 69: Declaring and calling functions

Listing 70: Calling functions from a loop

Listing 71: Sending values to a function

Listing 72: Sending multiple values to a function

Listing 73: Sending different values to a function

Listing 74: Returning a value from a function

Listing 75: Returning a tuple

Listing 76: Interrupting the execution of a function with guard

Listing 77: Removing the return keyword

Listing 78: Modifying external variables from a function

Listing 79: Declaring argument labels

Listing 80: Removing argument labels

Listing 81: Declaring default values for parameters

Listing 82: Declaring different functions with the same name

Listing 83: Defining generic functions

Listing 84: Printing values on the console with print()

Listing 85: Creating collections of values

Listing 86: Using variables and constants of different scopes

Listing 87: Assigning closures to variables

Listing 88: Initializing a variable with the value returned by a closure

Listing 89: Simplifying a closure

Listing 90: Sending a closure to a function

Listing 91: Assigning the closure to the function's argument

Listing 92: Using Trailing Closures

Listing 93: Inferring the closure's data types

Listing 94: Declaring escaping closures

Listing 95: Defining a structure

Listing 96: Declaring a variable of type Item

Listing 97: Assigning new values to the properties of a structure

Listing 98: Structures inside structures

Listing 99: Accessing optional properties

Listing 100: Creating key paths

Listing 101: Using read and write key paths

Listing 102: Defining methods

Listing 103: Assigning new values to properties from inside the structure

Listing 104: Initializing properties

Listing 105: Using memberwise initializers to provide the initial values of a structure

Listing 106: Initializing properties from the init() method

Listing 107: Declaring the parameters to initialize the structure

Listing 108: Declaring multiple init() methods

Listing 109: Declaring computed properties

Listing 110: Defining read-only properties

Listing 111: Adding the set method to set a new value

Listing 112: Using a different name for the parameter of the set method

Listing 113: Adding observers to a store property

Listing 114: Defining type properties

Listing 115: Defining type methods

Listing 116: Defining generic structures

Listing 117: Using generic structures

Listing 118: Initializing variables with standard initializers

Listing 119: Casting a variable

Listing 120: Extracting numbers from strings

Listing 121: Checking the maximum possible value for the Int8 type

Listing 122: Rounding floating-point values

Listing 123: Modifying the value of a Bool variable

Listing 124: Using for in to iterate over a range

Listing 125: Inverting a range

Listing 126: Using range operators in a switch statement

Listing 127: Calculating random numbers

Listing 128: Converting a number into a string

Listing 129: Processing the string's characters

Listing 130: Calculating a specific index

Listing 131: Getting the next index

Listing 132: Inserting a character in a string

Listing 133: Removing a character

Listing 134: Getting a range of characters

Listing 135: Working with ranges of characters

Listing 136: Implementing String methods

Listing 137: Declaring arrays

Listing 138: Declaring arrays with type inference

Listing 139: Reading the array's elements

Listing 140: Assigning a new value to an element

Listing 141: Adding new elements to an array

Listing 142: Concatenating two arrays

Listing 143: Creating multidimensional arrays

Listing 144: Reading values from a multidimensional array

Listing 145: Removing the elements of an array

Listing 146: Reading an array with a for in loop

Listing 147: Reading indexes and values of an array

Listing 148: Checking whether an array contains a value in a specific index

Listing 149: Adding and removing elements

Listing 150: Removing all the elements that meet a condition

Listing 151: Finding if an element meets a condition

Listing 152: Selecting a random value from an array

Listing 153: Changing the order of the elements of an array

Listing 154: Reading a range of elements

Listing 155: Casting arrays of type ArraySlice

Listing 156: Removing and replacing elements

Listing 157: Initializing an array with elements of the same value

Listing 158: Filtering the values of an array

Listing 159: Mapping an array

Listing 160: Converting the elements of an array into strings

Listing 161: Using a structure initializer with the map() method

Listing 162: Reducing an array

Listing 163: Reversing the elements of an array

Listing 164: Sorting the elements of an array

Listing 165: Sorting the elements of an array in a custom order

Listing 166: Sorting an array of integers

Listing 167: Sorting strings according to the number of characters

Listing 168: Getting the largest element

Listing 169: Getting the first value of an array

Listing 170: Getting the index of a specific value

Listing 171: Getting the index of a value that meets a condition

Listing 172: Creating an empty set of integers

Listing 173: Creating a set of integers

Listing 174: Using contains() to find an element in a set

Listing 175: Inserting a new element in a set

Listing 176: Removing an element from a set

Listing 177: Sorting the elements of a set

Listing 178: Combining sets

Listing 179: Comparing sets

Listing 180: Declaring a dictionary with initial values

Listing 181: Declaring a dictionary with type inference

Listing 182: Assigning a new value to an element of a dictionary

Listing 183: Adding a new element to a dictionary

Listing 184: Reading an element that does not exist

Listing 185: Reading a value in a dictionary

Listing 186: Removing an element from a dictionary

Listing 187: Using for in to iterate over a dictionary

Listing 188: Combining dictionaries with arrays

Listing 189: Reading arrays inside dictionaries

Listing 190: Grouping values by a key

Listing 191: Adding and removing elements from a dictionary

Listing 192: Sorting the values of a dictionary

Listing 193: Iterating over the dictionary's keys

Listing 194: Reading the keys of a dictionary

Listing 195: Defining an enumeration type

Listing 196: Declaring the enumeration values in one statement

Listing 197: Initializing an instance of an enumeration

Listing 198: Assigning a new value to a variable of type Number

Listing 199: Using switch with an enumeration type

Listing 200: Assigning raw values to enumeration values

Listing 201: Reading raw values

Listing 202: Creating an enumeration from a raw value

Listing 203: Adding methods to an enumeration

Listing 204: Associating values

Listing 205: Reading associated values from an if statement

Listing 206: Defining a class

Listing 207: Creating an object from a class

Listing 208: Modifying properties from the object's methods

Listing 209: Declaring a type method for a class

Listing 210: Referring to the object with self

Listing 211: Referring to the data type with self

Listing 212: Referencing one object from another

Listing 213: Assigning weak references

Listing 214: Defining a basic class

Listing 215: Inheriting properties and methods from another class

Listing 216: Creating objects from a subclass

Listing 217: Overriding an inherited method

Listing 218: Calling a method on the superclass

Listing 219: Creating an array of objects from different subclasses

Listing 220: Identifying the object's data type

Listing 221: Casting an object

Listing 222: Casting an object with the as? operator

Listing 223: Casting an object on the fly

Listing 224: Working with objects of AnyObject type

Listing 225: Declaring a Designated Initializer

Listing 226: Declaring a Convenience Initializer

Listing 227: Inheriting the Designated Initializer

Listing 228: Declaring a Designated Initializer for the subclass

Listing 229: Declaring a deinitializer

Listing 230: Defining lazy properties

Listing 231: Declaring private properties

Listing 232: Declaring a public getter and private setter

Listing 233: Defining a singleton

Listing 234: Defining protocols

Listing 235: Defining multiple structures that conform to the same protocol

Listing 236: Using protocols as data types

Listing 237: Accessing the instance's own properties

Listing 238: Returning values of a protocol type

Listing 239: Defining generic protocols

Listing 240: Conforming to the Equatable protocol

Listing 241: Letting the compiler create the protocol methods for us

Listing 242: Adding a type constraint to a generic function

Listing 243: Using the Numeric protocol to set a type constraint

Listing 244: Conforming to the Comparable protocol

Listing 245: Conforming to the Hashable protocol

Listing 246: Defining our own hash value

Listing 247: Conforming to the CaseIterable protocol

Listing 248: Extending a protocol

Listing 249: Extending data types

Listing 250: Extending custom data types

Listing 251: Defining a conditional extension

Listing 252: Customizing string interpolation

Listing 253: Delegating tasks

Listing 254: Delegating with protocols

Listing 255: Using different delegates

Listing 256: Getting an error inside a method

Listing 257: Throwing errors

Listing 258: Handling errors

Listing 259: Getting information about the error

Listing 260: Catching errors with try?

Listing 261: Ignoring the errors

Listing 262: Returning an error with a Result enumeration

Listing 263: Processing an error with the get() method

Listing 264: Initiating an asynchronous task

Listing 265: Running multiple asynchronous processes

Listing 266: Defining a task explicitly

Listing 267: Cancelling a task

Listing 268: Reading a value returned by a task

Listing 269: Defining asynchronous properties

Listing 270: Responding to errors

Listing 271: Defining a concurrent task

Listing 272: Defining an actor

Listing 273: Defining a non-isolated method

Listing 274: Defining a non-isolated method

Listing 275: Asking the compiler not to check conformity to the Sendable protocol

Listing 276: Executing a method in the Main Actor

Listing 277: Executing code in the Main Actor

Listing 278: Returning a value from the Main Actor

Listing 279: Defining an asynchronous sequence

Listing 280: Defining a task group

Listing 281: Loading an image asynchronously

Listing 282: Configuring the image after it is downloaded

Links

Swift Official Website
https://swift.org/

Swift Guide
https://docs.swift.org/swift-book/LanguageGuide/TheBasics.html

Swift Closures
https://docs.swift.org/swift-book/LanguageGuide/Closures.html

Swift Standard Library
https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swift/swift-standard-library

What's new in Swift
https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2022/110354/

RegexBuilder Framework
https://developer.apple.com/documentation/regexbuilder/

Meet Swift Regex
https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2022/110357/

Swift Regex: Beyond the basics
https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2022/110358/

ARC in Swift: Basics and beyond
https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2021/10216/

Swift Concurrency
https://docs.swift.org/swift-book/LanguageGuide/Concurrency.html

Discover concurrency in SwiftUI
https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2021/10019/

Explore structured concurrency in Swift
https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2021/10019/

Meet async/await in Swift
https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2021/10132/

Swift concurrency: Behind the scenes
https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2021/10254/

Swift concurrency: Update a sample app
https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2021/10194/

Meet AsyncSequence
https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2021/10058/

AsyncImage
https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/asyncimage

Protect mutable state with Swift actors
https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2021/10133/

Eliminate data races using Swift Concurrency
https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2022/110351/

Efficiency awaits: Background tasks in SwiftUI
https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2022/10142/

Resources

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