Introduction to Swift 4.2 Quick Guide

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Introduction to Swift 4.2

Swift 4.2 | iOS 12

Learn how to program iOS applications with Swift. After reading this guide, you will know how to program in Swift, how to define functions and objects, and how to write code using the Swift paradigm.

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Description

Quick Guides for Masterminds are excerpts from our best-selling books SwiftUI for Masterminds, UIKit for Masterminds, and HTML5 for Masterminds, providing a cost-effective alternative to getting the information you need.

With this guide, you will learn how to program iOS applications with Swift. After reading this guide, you will know how to program in Swift, how to define functions and objects, and how to write code using the Swift paradigm.

Table of Contents

Computer Programs

Playground

Variables

Memory

Primitive Types

Declaration and Initialization

Arithmetic Operators

Constants

Data Types

Characters

Strings

Booleans

Optionals

Tuples

Collections

Arrays

Sets

Dictionaries

Conditionals and Loops

If and Else

Switch

While and Repeat While

For In

Control Transfer Statements

Enumerations

Associated Values

Programming Paradigms

Functions

Declaration of Functions

Generic Functions

Standard Functions

Scopes

Closures

Structures

Definition of Structures

Methods

Initialization

Property Keywords

Computed Properties

Type Properties and Methods

Primitive Type Structures and Casting

String Structures

Array Structures

Set Structures

Dictionary Structures

Range Structures

Enumerations

Objects

Definition of Objects

Property Observers

Type Properties and Methods

Optional Chaining

Reference Types

Memory Management

Inheritance

Type Casting

Any and AnyObject

Initialization

Deinitialization

Protocols

Definition of Protocols

Extensions

Delegates

Examples

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Listing 1: Playground template

Listing 2: Declaring variables

Listing 3: Initializing variables

Listing 4: Declaring and initializing variables in the same statement

Listing 5: Reading variables

Listing 6: Assigning a new value to a variable

Listing 7: Declaring variables of different types

Listing 8: Declaring variables without specifying the type

Listing 9: Assigning variables to variables

Listing 10: Assigning the result of an operation to a variable

Listing 11: Performing operations in variables of different type

Listing 12: Inferring the type from an operation

Listing 13: Calculating the remainder

Listing 14: Adding numbers to variables

Listing 15: Performing operations on the variable's current value

Listing 16: Modifying the variable's value using incremental operators

Listing 17: Operations with Overflow Operators

Listing 18: Declaring and initializing a constant

Listing 19: Declaring and initializing a Character variable

Listing 20: Declaring and initializing a String variable

Listing 21: Concatenating strings

Listing 22: Concatenating strings with the + and += operators

Listing 23: Including variables in strings

Listing 24: Performing operations inside strings

Listing 25: Declaring a Boolean variable

Listing 26: Declaring an optional variable of type Int

Listing 27: Assigning new values to optional variables

Listing 28: Using nil to empty a variable

Listing 29: Unwrapping an optional variable

Listing 30: Assigning an optional to another optional

Listing 31: Declaring implicitly unwrapped optionals

Listing 32: Declaring a tuple with two values

Listing 33: Declaring a tuple with values of different type

Listing 34: Reading a tuple

Listing 35: Changing the value of a tuple

Listing 36: Declaring names for the values of a tuple

Listing 37: Creating multiple variables from the values of a tuple

Listing 38: Ignoring some of the values of a tuple

Listing 39: Declaring arrays

Listing 40: Declaring arrays with type inference

Listing 41: Reading the array's elements

Listing 42: Assigning a new value to an element

Listing 43: Adding new elements to an array

Listing 44: Concatenating two arrays

Listing 45: Creating multidimensional arrays

Listing 46: Reading values from a multidimensional array

Listing 47: Removing the elements of an array

Listing 48: Creating a set of integers

Listing 49: Creating an empty set of integers

Listing 50: Declaring a dictionary

Listing 51: Declaring a dictionary with type inference

Listing 52: Assigning a new value to an element of a dictionary

Listing 53: Adding a new element to a dictionary

Listing 54: Reading an element that does not exist

Listing 55: Using the value of an element

Listing 56: Combining dictionaries and arrays

Listing 57: Reading arrays inside dictionaries

Listing 58: Removing an element from a dictionary

Listing 59: Removing all the elements from a dictionary

Listing 60: Comparing two values with if

Listing 61: Comparing two values with the <= operator

Listing 62: Conditions with Boolean values

Listing 63: Using logical operators

Listing 64: Using logical operators to check several conditions

Listing 65: Checking whether an optional contains a value or not

Listing 66: Using optional binding to unwrap an optional variable

Listing 67: Using if else to respond to both states of the condition

Listing 68: Concatenating if else instructions

Listing 69: Implementing the ternary operator

Listing 70: Checking conditions with switch

Listing 71: Checking multiple conditions per case

Listing 72: Using range operators in a switch statement

Listing 73: Matching a tuple in a switch statement

Listing 74: Matching only the second value of a tuple

Listing 75: Matching values against a range

Listing 76: Capturing values with constants

Listing 77: Comparing values with where

Listing 78: Using while to create a loop

Listing 79: Using repeat while to create a loop

Listing 80: Using for in to iterate over an array

Listing 81: Iterating over an array without reading its values

Listing 82: Using for in to iterate over a dictionary

Listing 83: Using for in to iterate over a range

Listing 84: Jumping to the next cycle of the loop

Listing 85: Interrupting the loop

Listing 86: Ignoring values in a switch statement

Listing 87: Interrupting a loop with guard

Listing 88: Defining an enumeration type

Listing 89: Declaring the enumeration values in one statement

Listing 90: Declaring a variable of type Number

Listing 91: Assigning a new value to a variable of type Number

Listing 92: Using switch with an enumeration type

Listing 93: Assigning raw values to enumeration members

Listing 94: Assigning strings to enumeration members

Listing 95: Declaring and calling functions

Listing 96: Calling functions from a loop

Listing 97: Sending values to a function

Listing 98: Sending different values to a function

Listing 99: Returning the result from a function

Listing 100: Sending an array to a function

Listing 101: Returning a tuple

Listing 102: Declaring argument labels

Listing 103: Removing argument labels

Listing 104: Declaring default values for parameters

Listing 105: Declaring different functions with the same name

Listing 106: Defining generic functions

Listing 107: Printing values on the console with print()

Listing 108: Using variables and constants of different scopes

Listing 109: Declaring nested functions

Listing 110: Returning functions

Listing 111: Using closures

Listing 112: Defining closures with attributes

Listing 113: Assigning closures to constants and variables

Listing 114: Initializing constants and variables with closures

Listing 115: Simplifying the syntax of closures

Listing 116: Passing a closure to a function

Listing 117: Declaring the closure in the call

Listing 118: Declaring a structure type

Listing 119: Declaring a variable of type Item

Listing 120: Assigning new values to the properties of a structure

Listing 121: Structures inside structures

Listing 122: Defining methods

Listing 123: Assigning new values to properties from inside the structure

Listing 124: Initializing properties

Listing 125: Using memberwise initializers to provide the initial values of a structure

Listing 126: Initializing properties from the init() method

Listing 127: Declaring the init() method with parameters

Listing 128: Declaring multiple init() methods

Listing 129: Defining lazy properties

Listing 130: Declaring private properties

Listing 131: Declaring computed properties

Listing 132: Adding the set method to set a new value

Listing 133: Using a different name for the parameter of the set method

Listing 134: Defining type properties

Listing 135: Defining type methods

Listing 136: Initializing variables with initializers

Listing 137: Casting a variable

Listing 138: Extracting numbers from strings

Listing 139: Calculating random numbers

Listing 140: Checking the maximum possible value for the Int8 type

Listing 141: Rounding floating-point values

Listing 142: Changing the value of a Bool variable

Listing 143: Converting a number into a string

Listing 144: Iterating over the characters in a string

Listing 145: Counting the characters in a string

Listing 146: Processing the string's characters

Listing 147: Calculating a specific index

Listing 148: Getting the next index

Listing 149: Inserting a character in a string

Listing 150: Removing a character

Listing 151: Getting a range of characters

Listing 152: Working with ranges of characters

Listing 153: Implementing String methods

Listing 154: Reading indexes and values of an array

Listing 155: Adding and removing elements

Listing 156: Removing all the elements that meet a condition

Listing 157: Finding if an element meets a condition

Listing 158: Selecting a random value from an array

Listing 159: Changing the order of the elements of an array

Listing 160: Reading a range of elements

Listing 161: Casting arrays of type ArraySlice

Listing 162: Removing and replacing elements

Listing 163: Initializing an array with elements of the same value

Listing 164: Filtering the elements of an array

Listing 165: Using a closure to filter the array

Listing 166: Optimizing the closure

Listing 167: Inferring the data types in the closure

Listing 168: Simplifying closures

Listing 169: Reversing the elements of an array

Listing 170: Sorting the elements of an array

Listing 171: Sorting the elements of an array in a custom order

Listing 172: Sorting an array of integers

Listing 173: Sorting strings according to the number of characters

Listing 174: Getting the largest element

Listing 175: Getting the first value of an array

Listing 176: Getting the index of a specific value

Listing 177: Getting the index of a value that meets a condition

Listing 178: Searching for an element

Listing 179: Inserting a new element

Listing 180: Removing an element

Listing 181: Sorting the elements of a set

Listing 182: Combining sets

Listing 183: Comparing sets

Listing 184: Adding and removing elements from a dictionary

Listing 185: Sorting the values of a dictionary

Listing 186: Iterating over the dictionary's keys

Listing 187: Reading a dictionary key

Listing 188: Inverting a CountableRange range

Listing 189: Reading raw values

Listing 190: Creating an enumeration from its initializer

Listing 191: Adding methods to an enumeration

Listing 192: Defining a class

Listing 193: Creating an object from a class

Listing 194: Assigning new values to the object's properties

Listing 195: Modifying properties from the object's methods

Listing 196: Adding observers to a property

Listing 197: Providing our own names for the parameters of the observers

Listing 198: Declaring a type method for a class

Listing 199: Creating objects inside objects

Listing 200: Accessing optional properties

Listing 201: Creating a copy of an instance

Listing 202: Creating a new reference to an object

Listing 203: Creating several objects from the same class

Listing 204: Referring to the object with self

Listing 205: Creating objects with strong references

Listing 206: Referencing one object from another

Listing 207: Assigning weak references

Listing 208: Defining a basic class

Listing 209: Inheriting properties and methods from another class

Listing 210: Creating objects from a subclass

Listing 211: Overwriting an inherited method

Listing 212: Calling a method from the superclass

Listing 213: Creating an array of objects from different subclasses

Listing 214: Identifying the object's data type

Listing 215: Casting an object

Listing 216: Casting an object with the as? operator

Listing 217: Casting an object on the fly

Listing 218: Working with objects of AnyObject type

Listing 219: Declaring a Designated Initializer

Listing 220: Declaring a Convenience Initializer

Listing 221: Inheriting the Designated Initializer

Listing 222: Declaring a Designated Initializer for the subclass

Listing 223: Declaring a deinitializer

Listing 224: Defining protocols

Listing 225: Defining multiple structures that conform to the same protocol

Listing 226: Using protocols as data types

Listing 227: Returning values of a protocol data type

Listing 228: Accessing the properties defined in the Employees structure

Listing 229: Conforming to the Equatable protocol

Listing 230: Letting the compiler create the protocol methods for us

Listing 231: Adding a type constraint to a generic function

Listing 232: Using the Numeric protocol to set a type constraint

Listing 233: Conforming to the Comparable protocol

Listing 234: Conforming to the Hashable protocol

Listing 235: Defining our own hash value

Listing 236: Conforming to the CaseIterable protocol

Listing 237: Extending the protocol

Listing 238: Extending other data types

Listing 239: Delegating tasks

Listing 240: Delegating with protocols

Listing 241: Using different delegates

Links

Swift Official Guide

Swift Official Website

Swift Enumerations

Automatic Reference Counting

Swift Standard Library

Resources

No Resources Available for this Guide

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